Class 10 | English Grammar | TENSES| SEBA
1. My father gave me a new pen.
2. I come to school on a bicycle.
3. We will meet him at the station.
āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ sentence- āĻোā§ąে past āĻŦা āĻ āϤীāϤāϤ āĻাāĻŽ āĻāĻা āĻšােā§ąা āĻŦুāĻাāĻāĻে; āĻĻ্āĻŦিāϤীāϝ় sentence- āĻোā§ąে present āĻŦা āĻŦāϰ্āϤāĻŽাāύ āĻাāĻŽāĻো āĻšােā§ąা āĻŦুāĻাāĻāĻে; āĻā§°ু āϤৃāϤীāϝ় sentence- āĻোā§ąে future āĻŦা āĻā§ąিāώ্āϝāϤāϤ āĻাāĻŽ āĻāĻা āĻšāĻŦ — āĻāĻ āĻ āϰ্āĻĨ āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāĻļ āĻā§°িāĻে। Tense āĻŽুāĻ্āϝāϤঃ āϤিāύিāĻŦিāϧ past, present āĻā§°ু future. Tense- āĻ āϏাāϧাā§°āĻŖāϤে āĻোāύ āϏāĻŽāϝ়āϤ verb- āĻো āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāύ্āύ āĻšৈāĻে āϤাāĻে āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāĻļ āĻā§°ে।
āϤāϞāϤ āĻĻিāϝ়া āĻŦাāĻ্āϝāĻŦােā§°āϞৈ āϞāĻ্āώ্āϝ āĻā§°া -
1. I give ........
2. I am giving ..........
3. I have given ..........
4. I have been giving .......
āĻāĻĒā§°ā§° āĻāĻাāĻāĻেāĻāĻা āĻŦাāĻ্āϝāĻ āĻŦāϰ্āϤāĻŽাāύ āϏāĻŽāϝ় āĻŦা present time āĻŦুāĻাāĻāĻে।
āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ sentence- āĻোā§ąে āϝি āĻāĻĨা āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāĻļ āĻā§°িāĻে āϏি āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ āĻšৈāĻেāύে āύাāĻ āϤাāĻ āύিāϰ্āĻĻিāώ্āĻāĻৈ āϧ⧰িāĻŦ āύােā§ąাā§°ি।
āϏেāĻāĻŦাāĻŦে āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ sentence- āĻোā§° verb- āĻোāĻ present indefinite tense- āĻ āϤ āĻĨāĻা āĻŦুāϞি āĻোā§ąা āĻšāϝ়।
āĻĻ্āĻŦিāϤীāϝ় sentence- āĻোāϤ āϏ্āĻĒāώ্āĻāĻৈ āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāĻļ āĻĒাāĻāĻে āϝে āĻāĻĨাāĻো āĻোā§ąাā§° āϏāĻŽāϝ়āϤাে āĻাāĻŽāĻো continuing
āĻ āϰ্āĻĨাā§ āĻšৈāϝ়েāĻ āĻāĻে। āϏেāĻāĻŦাāĻŦে āĻāĻ sentence- āĻোā§° verb- āĻোāĻ present continuous tense- āĻ ā§° āĻŦুāϞি āĻোā§ąা āĻšāϝ়।
āϤৃāϤীāϝ় sentence- āĻোāϤ āϧ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ি āϝে āĻাāĻŽāĻো completed āĻŦা perfected āĻŦা āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ āĻšৈāĻে। āϏেāĻāĻŦাāĻŦে āĻāĻ sentence- āĻোā§° verb- āĻোāĻ present perfect tense- āĻ āϤ āĻĨāĻা āĻŦুāϞি āĻোā§ąা āĻšāϝ়।
āĻāϤুā§°্āĻĨ sentence- āĻোāϤ verb āĻোāĻ present perfect continuous tense āϤ āĻĨāĻা āĻŦুāϞি āĻোā§ąা āĻšāϝ়, āĻাā§°āĻŖ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝāĻোā§°āĻĒā§°া āĻāύেāĻুā§ąা āĻ āϰ্āĻĨ āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāĻļ āĻĒাāϝ় āϝে āĻাāĻŽ āĻāĻা āĻ āϤীāϤ⧰ āĻোāύাে āĻāĻা āϏāĻŽāϝ়āϤ āĻā§°āĻŽ্āĻ āĻšৈ āĻāϞি āĻāĻে āĻā§°ু āĻāϤিāϝ়াāĻ āĻাāĻŽāĻো āĻšৈāϝ়েāĻ āĻāĻে। āĻāϤিāĻে present tense- āĻ ā§° āĻাā§°িāĻা form āĻāĻŽি āĻĒাāϞোঁ। āϝেāύে—
1. I give ------- present indefinite or simple present.
2. I am giving ----- present continuous.
3. I have given ------ present perfect.
4. I have been giving ----- present perfect continuous.
āϝিāĻĻā§°ে present tense- āĻ ā§° āĻাā§°িāĻা form āĻāĻে āϏেāĻāĻĻā§°ে past tense- ā§° āĻাā§°িāĻা form āĻāĻে
1. I gave ---- past indefinite or simple past.
2. I was giving --- past continuous.
3. I had given ----- past perfect.
4. I had been giving ----- past perfect continuous.
Present tense āĻā§°ু past tense- āĻ ā§° āĻĻā§°ে future tense- āĻ ā§°ā§° āĻাā§°িāĻা form āĻāĻে।
1. I will give --- future indefinite or simple future.
2. I will be giving ---- future continuous.
3. I will have given ---- future perfect.
4. I will have been giving ---- future perfect continuous.
Tense- āĻŦিāϞাāĻā§° āϝিāĻŦােā§° forms āĻāϤিāϝ়াāϞৈāĻে āĻĻিāϝ়া āĻšৈāĻে āĻāĻšঁāϤ āĻāĻাāĻāĻŦােā§°ā§° verb, active voice āĻ āϤ āĻāĻে। āĻিāύ্āϤু āĻāĻ verb- āĻŦােā§°āĻ passive voice- āĻ āϤ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাāĻļ āĻā§°িāϞে āĻāĻŽি passive form- āĻŦােā§°াে āĻĒাāĻŽ।
Active āĻā§°ু passive Voice- āĻ ā§° āĻŦিāώāϝ়ে āĻĒিāĻā§° āĻ āϧ্āϝাāϝ় āĻāĻাāϤ āĻāϞােāĻāύা āĻā§°া āĻš'āĻŦ।
The Uses of Tenses
I. Use of the Present Indefinite or Simple Present:
1.
Birds fly in the air..
He works hard.
Jayanta goes for a walk every morning.
āĻāĻĒā§°ā§° sentence- āĻŦােā§°ā§°āĻĒā§°া āĻĻেāĻা āĻĒােā§ąা āĻৈāĻে āϝে āĻĒ্āϰāϤ্āϝেāĻāĻো sentence- āĻ āĻāĻোāĻা āĻ āĻ্āϝাāϏāĻāϤ āĻাāĻŽ āĻšােā§ąা āĻŦুāĻাāĻāĻে। āĻāĻāĻĻā§°ে āĻāĻোāĻা āĻ āĻ্āϝাāϏāĻāϤ āĻাāĻŽ (habitual action) āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāĻļ āĻā§°িāĻŦāϞৈ present indefinite tense- āĻ ā§° āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻšāϝ়।
2.
Man is mortal..
The earth is round.
Honey is sweet..
Heat expands bodies.
āĻāĻĒā§°ā§° sentence- āĻŦােā§°ে āĻāĻো āĻāĻোāĻা āϏাāϧাā§°āĻŖ āϏāϤ্āϝ āĻ āϰ্āĻĨাā§ universal āĻŦা general truth āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāĻļ āĻā§°িāĻে।
āĻāĻāĻĻā§°ে āĻāĻোāĻা universal āĻŦা general truth āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāĻļ āĻā§°িāĻŦāϞৈāĻো present indefinite- āĻ ā§° āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻšāϝ়।
3. Here comes Hari!
See how he walks!
Look, it rains!
āĻāĻĒā§°ā§° sentence- āĻŦােā§°ে āĻāύেāĻুā§ąা āĻিāĻুāĻŽাāύ āĻাāĻŽ āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāĻļ āĻā§°িāĻে āϝিāĻŦােā§° āĻোā§ąা āĻŽুāĻšূāϰ্āϤāϤে āĻāĻি āĻāĻে, āĻ āϰ্āĻĨাā§ āϏেāĻ āĻŽুāĻšূāϰ্āϤāϤ āĻšৈ āĻĨāĻা āĻাāĻŽ present indefinite- āĻ āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāĻļ āĻā§°িāĻে। āĻāĻ āϧ⧰āĻŖā§° āĻাāĻŽāĻŦােā§° āϏাāϧাā§°āĻŖāϤে present continuous tense- āĻ āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāĻļ āĻā§°ে। āĻāĻāĻĻā§°ে āĻোā§ąা āϏāĻŽāϝ়āϤ āĻšৈ āĻĨāĻা āĻাāĻŽāĻŦােā§° present indefinite- āĻāĻ āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāĻļ āĻā§°িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে। āĻāϝ়াāĻ actual present āĻŦুāϞি āĻোā§ąা āĻšāϝ়।
4. The Prime Minister arrives at Guwahati tomorrow.
The school re-opens on Monday.
We leave for Shillong next Saturday.
āĻāĻĒā§°ā§° sentence- āĻŦােā§°āϤ present indefinite- āĻ āĻā§ąিāώ্āϝāϤ āĻŦা future- āĻ ā§° āĻāĻো āĻāĻোāĻা āĻাāĻŽ āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāĻļ āĻā§°িāĻে। āĻāĻ sentence- āĻŦােā§°āϤ āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻšােā§ąা adverb- āĻŦিāϞাāĻā§° āĻĒā§°া (tomorrow, Monday, next Saturday)।
future- āĻ ā§° āĻ ā§°্āĻĨāĻো āϏ্āĻĒāώ্āĻāĻৈ āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāĻļ āĻĒাāĻāĻে। āĻāύেāĻুā§ąা adverb of time- āĻ ā§° āϏৈāϤে present indefinite- āĻ ' come', ' go', ' start', return ',' leave ' āĻāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি verb- āĻ ā§° future action āĻāĻোāĻা āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāĻļ āĻā§°িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে ।
5. Alexander now rushes up on the enemy.
The messenger arrives with the news of the disaster.
At once preparations are made to send relief to the victims of the flood.
āĻāĻĒā§°ā§° sentence- āĻেāĻāĻাāϤ āĻ āϤীāϤ⧰ āĻāĻāύা āĻŦা āĻāĻĨা āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāĻļ āĻā§°িāĻŦāϞৈ present indefinite āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻšৈāĻে।āĻāĻāĻĻā§°ে āĻেāϤিāϝ়াāĻŦা āĻ āϤীāϤ⧰ āĻāĻāύাāĻ āϏāĻীā§ąāĻৈ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাāĻļ āĻā§°িāĻŦāϞৈ present indefinite tense āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻā§°া āĻšāϝ়। āĻāϝ়াāĻ historic present āĻŦুāϞি āĻোā§ąা āĻšāϝ়।
6.
I hear you have bought a car. We understand you arrived only yesterday.
āĻāĻĒā§°ā§° sentence- āĻŦােā§°āĻ āĻāĻāĻĻā§°ে āĻŦāĻšāϞাāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ি
I hear (= have heard) you have bought a car.
We understand (= have understood) you arrived only yesterday.
āĻāϝ়াā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻĻেāĻা āĻ'āϞ āϝে Present Perfect- āĻ ā§° āĻĒā§°িā§ąāϰ্āϤেāĻ Present indefinite āĻŦāĻšিāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে।
āĻেāϤিāϝ়াāĻŦা āĻ āϤীāϤ⧰ āĻāĻāύা āĻŦা āĻ āĻিāĻ্āĻāϤা āĻāĻাā§° āĻŦā§°্āϤāĻŽাāύ⧰ āĻĢāϞ āĻĻেāĻুā§ąাāĻŦā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে present perfect- āĻ ā§° āĻ াāĻāϤ
present indefinite āĻŦāĻšে। āϏাāϧাā§°āĻŖāϤে ' hear', ' see', ' learn', ' understand' āĻāĻ verb- āĻŦােā§°ā§° āϏৈāϤে present perfect- āĻ ā§° āĻ াāĻāϤ present indefinite āĻŦāĻšিāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে। āĻāϝ়াāĻ perfect present āĻŦুāϞিāĻ āĻোā§ąা āĻšāϝ়।
7. Shakespear says, " All that glitters is not gold."
It is said in the Bible, " Thou shalt not steal."
āĻোāύােāĻŦা āĻ্āϰāύ্āĻĨ āĻŦা āĻ্āϰāύ্āĻĨāĻাā§°ā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻāĻĻ্āϧৃāϤি āĻĻিāĻŦāϞৈ āĻš'āϞেāĻ present indefinite āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻšāϝ়।
II. Uses of the Present Continuous Tense:
1. The baby is sleeping.
Mira is writing.
Mother is cooking.
āĻāĻĒā§°ā§° sentence- āĻŦিāϞাāĻে āĻৈ āĻĨāĻা āĻŽুāĻšূāϰ্āϤāϤ āĻাāĻŽāĻŦােā§° āĻšৈ āĻĨāĻা āĻŦুāĻাāĻāĻে। āĻāĻāĻĻā§°ে āĻাāĻŽ āĻšৈāϝ়ে āĻāĻে āĻŦা āĻāϞি āĻāĻে āĻŦুāĻাāĻŦāϞৈ present continuous tense- āĻ ā§° āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻšāϝ়। (āĻāĻ āĻ āϰ্āĻĨāϤ present indefinite- āĻ āϤ āĻৈ present continuous- āĻšে āĻŦেāĻিāĻৈ āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻā§°া āĻšāϝ় ।
2. I am going to Dibrugarh tomorrow.
She is coming soon to our town.
Hari is leaving for Dibrugarh on Wednesday.
Present continuous- āĻ āĻāĻĒā§°ā§° sentence- āĻŦােā§°āϤ future āĻŦা āĻā§ąিāώ্āϝāϤ⧰ āĻāĻোāĻা āĻাāĻŽ āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāĻļ āĻā§°িāĻে।
āĻāĻāĻĻā§°ে future- āĻ ā§° āĻাāĻŽ āĻŦুāĻাāĻŦāϞৈāĻো present continuous āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻā§°িāĻŦ āĻĒā§°া āĻšāϝ়। āϏাāϧাā§°āĻŖāϤে āĻāύেāĻŦােā§° sentence āĻ āϤ āϏāĻŽāϝ়ā§° āĻāϞ্āϞেāĻ āĻĨাāĻে। (āϝেāύে– Wednesday, tomorrow, soon
Note:
(a) āĻāĻāĻĻā§°ে Present continuous- āĻ future- āĻ āϤ āĻাāĻŽ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒাāĻĻāύ āĻšােā§ąা āĻŦুāĻাāϞে " going to" āĻāĻ form āĻোā§° āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻā§°িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ি। āϝেāύে:-
(i) We are playing football this afternoon.
(ii) We are going to play football this afternoon.
āĻāĻĒā§°ā§° sentence āĻĻুāĻাā§° āĻিāϤ⧰āϤ āĻ ā§°্āĻĨā§° āĻোāύাে āĻŦিāĻļেāώ āĻĒাāϰ্āĻĨāĻ্āϝ āύাāĻ।
(b) āϝāĻĻি āĻĒাā§°ি future āĻ āϤ āĻিāĻŦা āĻāĻা āĻāĻা āĻŦা āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒাāĻĻāύ āĻšােā§ąা āĻĒ্āϰাāϝ় āύিāĻļ্āĻিāϤ, āϤেāϤিāϝ়া āĻš'āϞেāĻ going to āĻāĻ form- āĻো āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻā§°িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ি।
āϝেāύে:-
It is going to rain, look at those clouds.
He is very ill, I am afraid he is going to die.
3. People are eating more meat these days.
We are having rainy weather at present.
āĻāĻĒā§°ā§° Sentence āĻŦোā§°ে āĻāĻা newly acquired
habit āĻŦা temporary habit āĻŦা āϏাāĻŽāϝ়িāĻāĻাā§ąে āĻāĻšā§°āĻŖ āĻā§°া āĻ āĻ্āϝাāϏ āĻāĻĻি āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাāĻļ āĻā§°িāĻŦāϞৈā§ো present continues ā§° āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻšāϝ়।āϤেāϤিā§া āĻ ā§ąāĻļ্āϝে āĻā§াā§° āϞāĻāϤ 'these days', ' at present āĻāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻšāϝ়।
āϞāĻ্āώ্āϝ āĻā§°িāĻŦāϞāĻীāϝ়া:
āϤāϞāϤ āĻĻিāϝ়া verb- āĻŦােā§° āϏাāϧাā§°āĻŖāϤে present continuous tense- āĻ āϤ āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āύāĻšāϝ়। āϏিāĻšঁāϤে present indefinite tense- āĻ ā§° āϏāĻšাāϝ়āϤেāĻ present continuous tense āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāĻļ āĻā§°ে।
āĻāĻ verb- āĻŦােā§°ে āϏাāϧাā§°āĻŖāϤে āĻāĻা āĻাāĻŦ āĻŦা āĻāĻŦেāĻ (emotion), āĻিāĻŦা āĻāĻা āĻāύা (knowing) āĻŦা āĻিāĻŦা āĻāĻা āĻāĻŦা (thinking) āĻ āϰ্āĻĨ āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāĻļ āĻā§°ে।
Verbs of Senses: See, hear, smell, notice, recognise.
Verbs of emotion: love, hate, like, wish, want, desire, forgive etc.
Verbs of thinking and knowing: think, feel, realise, understand, know, believe, expect,
remember, forget etc.
āĻāϝ়াā§° āĻŦাāĻšিā§°েāĻ belong, consist, contain, matter, possess, resemble āĻāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি verb- āĻ present continuous- āĻ āϤ āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āύāĻšāϝ়।
āϝেāύে:-
I see (not ' am seeing' him.
I wish (not ' am wishing' you success.
āĻ ā§ąāĻļ্āϝে āĻŦিāĻļেāώ āĻ āϰ্āĻĨ āĻŦুāĻাāĻŦā§° āĻাā§°āĻŖে āĻāĻ verb- āĻŦােā§°āĻ present continuous tense- āĻ āϤ āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§°
āĻā§°িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ি। āϝেāύে—
I see a bird in the sky. āĻিāύ্āϤু---
I am seeing a play to-night. (a future activity āĻāĻ āĻ āϰ্āĻĨāϤ)
āĻ িāĻ āϏেāĻāĻĻā§°ে
Do you mind ifI open the window? fpe He is minding (looking after) the baby while
his wife is cooking.
III. Uses of the Present Perfect Tense:
1.
I have finished the letter.
The sun has set.
Mina has applied for leave of absence.
āĻāĻĒā§°ā§° sentence- āĻŦােā§°āϤ āĻাāĻŽ āĻāĻা āĻāĻ āĻŽাāϤ্āϰ āĻļেāώ āĻšােā§ąা āĻŦুāĻাāĻāĻে। āĻāĻāĻĻā§°ে āĻāϤিāϝ়া āĻļেāώ āĻšােā§ąা āĻাāĻŽ āĻāĻোāĻা āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāĻļ āĻā§°িāĻŦāϞৈ present perfect- āĻ ā§° āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻšāϝ়।
2. We have known each other for ten years.
We have lived in this house since 2009.
I have never drunk tea.
āĻāĻ sentence- āĻŦােā§°ে āĻāύেāĻুā§ąা āĻিāĻুāĻŽাāύ āĻাāĻŽ āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāĻļ āĻā§°িāĻে āϝিāĻŦােā§° past āĻŦা āĻ āϤীāϤ⧰ āĻĒā§°া present moment āĻ āϰ্āĻĨাā§ āĻŦāϰ্āϤāĻŽাāύ āĻŽুāĻšূā§°্āϤāϞৈāĻে continue āĻā§°ি āĻāĻে। āĻāύেāĻৈ continue āĻā§°ি āĻĨāĻা āĻাāĻŽ āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāĻļ āĻā§°িāĻŦā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে present perfect āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻā§°িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ি। āĻā§°ু āĻāĻāĻোā§ąেāĻ āĻš’āϞ present perfect tense- āĻ ā§° continuative use.
āĻāĻŽি ' We have lived in this house since 1952", āĻāĻ sentence- āĻোāĻ " We have been living in this house since 1952" āĻŦুāϞিāĻ āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāĻļ āĻā§°িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°োঁ।
Note: Present perfect tense-vya sto adverbials of past time opefte yesterday, last week,three days ago āĻāĻĻি āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšৃāϤ āĻš’āĻŦ āύােā§ąাā§°ে।
āĻ āϰ্āĻĨাā§ I have come yesterday '. āĻš’āĻŦ āύােā§ąাā§°ে। I came yesterday- āĻšে āĻš'āĻŦ।
āĻিāύ্āϤু present perfect tense- āĻ ā§° āϞāĻāϤ adverbials of durations (since yesterday, since 2009, for the last week etc.), adverbials of present time (today, this week, this month etc.) āĻā§°ু adverbials of frequencey (ever, never, always, after etc.) āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻā§°া āĻšāϝ়।
3.
I have seen him this morning.
We have been busy this afternoon.
It has been cold this winter.
āĻāĻĒā§°ā§° sentence- āĻŦােā§°āϤ āĻাāĻŽāĻো āĻļেāώ āĻšােā§ąা āĻŦুāĻাāĻāĻে। āĻিāύ্āϤু āĻাāĻŽ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāύ্āύ āĻšােā§ąা āϏāĻŽāϝ়āĻো āĻļেāώ āĻšােā§ąা āύাāĻ। āĻāĻāĻĻā§°ে āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒাāĻĻিāϤ āĻšােā§ąা āĻাāĻŽāĻোā§° āϏāĻŽāϝ়āĻো āϝāĻĻি āĻāϤিāϝ়াāĻ āĻāϞি āĻāĻে āϤেāύেāĻš'āϞে āϏেāĻ āĻাāĻŽāĻো āĻāĻŽি present perfect tense- āĻ ā§° āϏāĻšাāϝ়েā§°ে āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাāĻļ āĻā§°িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°োঁ।
4. āϝāĻĻি āĻāĻা āĻাāĻŽ past āĻŦা āĻ āϤীāϤāϤ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒাāĻĻিāϤ āĻšৈāĻে āĻ āĻĨāĻ present āĻŦা āĻŦāϰ্āϤāĻŽাāύāϤ āϤাā§° āĻĢāϞāĻো āĻŦা result- āĻো āĻāϞি āĻāĻে āĻŦা āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāĻļ āĻĒাāĻāĻে āϤেāύেāĻš'āϞে āϤেāύেāĻুā§ąা āĻাāĻŽāĻŦােā§°াে present perfect- āĻ ā§° āϏāĻšাāϝ়েā§°ে āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāĻļ āĻā§°িāĻŦ āĻĒā§°া āĻšāϝ়।
āϝেāύে—
I have cut my finger. (Result: It is still bleeding)
We have bought a bicycle.( Result: so we now have a bicycle.)
You have torn your coat .(Result: There is a tear in your coat)
Note: Go, come, set, use āĻāĻĻি āĻিāĻুāĻŽাāύ intransitive verb-ā§° present perfect tense' be ' verb āĻ ā§° āϏৈāϤেāĻ āĻš'āĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে।
āϝেāύে—
He is gone. (= He has gone.)
The sun is set. (=The moon has risen.)
IV. Uses of Present Perfect Continuous Tense :
I have been doing this for six months.
I have been living in this house since 2010.
āĻāĻĒā§°ā§° sentence-āĻŦােā§°ā§° āĻাāĻŽāĻŦােā§° past āĻŦা āĻ āϤীāϤāϤে āĻā§°āĻŽ্āϤ āĻšােā§ąা āĻŦুāĻাāĻāĻে āĻā§°ু āĻāϤিāϝ়াāĻ āĻāϞি āĻĨāĻা āĻ āϰ্āĻĨ āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāĻļ āĻā§°িāĻে। āĻāĻāϤে āĻā§°āĻŽ্āĻ āĻšৈāĻে āĻ āĻĨāĻ āĻāϤিāϝ়াāĻ āĻāϞি āĻāĻে, āĻāύে āϧ⧰āĻŖā§° āĻাāĻŽāĻŦােā§° present perfect continuous tense ā§° āϏāĻšাā§āϤ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাāĻļ āĻā§°া āĻšā§।
Note : Present continuous-āĻ ā§° āϞāĻāϤ āϝিāĻŦোā§° verb-āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āύāĻšāϝ় āĻŦুāϞি āĻāĻāϤে āĻোā§ąা āĻšৈāĻে āϏেāĻ verb āĻŦোā§° present perfect continuous tense ā§° āϏৈāϤেāĻ āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻšā§ !
Incorrect: We have been knowing each other for ten years.
Correct : We have known each other for ten years.
V. Uses of Past Indefinite or Simple Past:
1. He was born in 1906.
I met him last week.
He came here recently.
Did you sleep well last night?
āĻāĻĒā§°ā§° sentence-āĻŦােā§°ে āĻļেāώ āĻšােā§ąা āĻিāĻুāĻŽাāύ āĻাāĻŽ āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāĻļ āĻā§°িāĻে। āĻāĻ āĻাāĻŽāĻŦােā§° past-āĻ āϤ āĻšৈāĻে āĻāĻāϤ⧰।present āĻŦা āĻŦāϰ্āϤāĻŽাāύ⧰ āϞāĻāϤ āĻোāύাে āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻ āύাāĻ। āϏāĻŽāϝ়āĻোāĻো āĻিāĻুāĻŽাāύ adverb past time-āĻ (in 1906, last week, recently, last night) āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাāĻļ āĻā§°িāĻে।
āĻāĻāĻĻā§°ে āĻ āϤীāϤāϤে āĻļেāώ āĻšােā§ąা āĻā§°ু āĻŦāϰ্āϤāĻŽাāύ⧰ āϞāĻāϤ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻ āύāĻĨāĻা āĻাāĻŽ āĻŦা āĻ ā§ąāϏ্āĻĨা āĻিāĻুāĻŽাāύ āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāĻļ āĻā§°িāĻŦāϞৈ past indefinite āĻ ā§° āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻšāϝ়।
2. He worked in that bank for four years.
He lived in Kolkata for a long time.
My mother once saw Mahatma Gandhi.
āĻāĻĒā§°ā§° sentence-āĻেāĻāĻাāϤ āĻাāĻŽāĻŦােā§° āϏāĻ িāĻāĻৈ āĻেāϤিāϝ়া āĻšৈāĻিāϞ āϤাā§° āĻāϞ্āϞেāĻ āύাāĻ; āĻিāύ্āϤু āϏেāĻ āϏāĻŽāϝ়āĻো āĻ āϤীāϤāϤ āĻšৈ āĻৈāĻে। āĻāύেāĻৈ āĻাāĻŽāĻো āĻā§°াā§° āϏāĻ িāĻ āϏāĻŽāϝ় āĻĻিāϝ়া āύাāĻĨাāĻিāϞেāĻ āĻাāĻŽāĻো āĻā§°াā§° āϏāĻŽāϝ়āĻো āϝāĻĻি।āĻ āϤীāϤ āĻšৈ āϝাāϝ় āϤেāύেāĻšāϞে āĻāĻŽি past indefinite tense āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাā§° āĻā§°িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°োঁ।
3. He studied hard.
During summer we went for swimming everyday.
He held his class here.
They never drank tea.
āĻāĻĒā§°ā§° sentence-āĻŦােā§°ে āĻিāĻুāĻŽাāύ āĻŦাā§°ে āĻŦাā§°ে āĻā§°িāĻĨāĻা āĻŦা āĻ āĻ্āϝাāϏāĻāϤ āĻাāĻŽ (repeated āĻŦা habitual activities) āĻ āϤীāϤāϤ āĻšােāĻŦা āĻŦুāĻাāĻāĻে। āĻāĻāĻĻā§°ে āĻ āϤীāϤ⧰ āĻিāĻুāĻŽাāύ repeated āĻŦা habitual activity-ā§° āĻাā§°āĻŖে past indefinite tense āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻā§°া āĻšā§।
āĻāĻĒā§°ā§° āĻŦাāĻ্āϝāĻŦােā§° 'used' āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻā§°িāĻ āϞিāĻিāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ি।
āϝেāύে:
He studied hard.
He used to study hard, etc.
Note :
(a) efoRa a hesitation), (modesty) 1a a a can, may, will।āĻāĻĻি verb-āĻ ā§° past form-āĻŦােā§° āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাā§° āĻā§°া āĻšāϝ়।
Could you lend me fifty rupees?
Would you please tell me the time?
The report might be true.
Might I trouble you for a pen?
(b) āĻেāϤিāϝ়াāĻŦা āĻāĻ্āĻা (willingness), āĻ āύিāĻ্āĻা āĻŦা āĻāĻ্āϰāĻš (refusal or inclination) āĻāĻĻি āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāĻļ āĻā§°িāĻŦā§° āĻŦাāĻŦেāĻ 'can', 'will', 'shall' āĻāĻĻি verb-āĻ āĻŦ past form-āĻŦোā§°াে āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻā§°া āĻšāϝ়।
I could (feel inclined to) laugh for joy.
He would not (refuse to) tell us secret.
(c) āĻŦāϰ্āϤāĻŽাāύ⧰ āĻ āϰ্āĻĨ āĻāĻা āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāĻļ āĻā§°িāĻŦāϞৈ 'it is'-āĻ ā§° āĻĒাāĻāϤ past indefinite āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻā§°িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ি।
āϝেāύেঃ
It is time we left.
VI. Uses of Past Continuous Tense:
While she was reading someone knocked at the door.
When I came it was still raining.
The sun was just setting as we reached home.
Where were you living when the war broke out?
āĻāĻĒā§°ā§° sentence-āĻŦােā§°ā§° āĻĒ্āϰāϤ্āϝেāĻāĻোāϤে āĻ āϤীāϤ⧰ āĻĻুāĻা āĻাāĻŽ āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāĻļ āĻā§°া āĻšৈāĻে। āĻāĻা āĻাāĻŽ āĻšৈ āĻĨাāĻোāϤে āĻāύ āĻāĻা āĻাāĻŽ āĻāĻিāĻে। āϝি āĻাāĻŽāĻো āĻšৈ āĻāĻিāϞ āϤাāĻ past continuous āĻā§°ু āϝিāĻো āĻাāĻŽ āύāϤুāύāĻৈ āĻāĻিāĻে āϤাāĻ past indefinite-āĻ ā§° āϏāĻšাāϝ়āϤ āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāĻļ āĻā§°া āĻšāϝ়।
"While she was reading'- āĻো āĻšৈ āĻĨāĻা āĻŦা āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻাāĻŽ (first activity); 'someone knocked at the door' faP (second activity) I āϏেāĻāĻŦাāĻŦে first activity āĻো past continuous- āϤ āĻā§°ু second activity āĻো past indefinite āϤ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাāĻļ āĻĒাāĻāĻে।
I was washing the clothes and mother was cooking. While Dinesh was digging up potatoes, Haren was picking plums.
āĻāĻĒā§°ā§° sentence āĻĻুāĻাā§°āĻĒā§°া āĻĻেāĻা āĻāϞ āϝে past-āĻ āϤ āĻāĻেāϞāĻে āĻāϞি āĻĨāĻা āĻŦা āĻšৈ āĻĨāĻা āĻĻুāĻা āĻাāĻŽ āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāĻļ āĻā§°িāĻŦā§° āĻŦাāĻŦেāĻ continuous-āĻ ā§° āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাā§° āĻā§°িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ি।
Note : (a) Reported speech āϤ reporting verb āĻো āϝāĻĻি past tense āϤ āĻĨাāĻে āϤেāύেāĻšāϞে reported verb ā§° present continuous ā§° ā§°ূāĻĒāĻো past continuous āϞৈ āĻĒā§°িā§ąā§°্āϤিāϤ āĻšā§।
āϝেāύেঃ
He said, "I am coming,"
He said (that) he was coming.
(b) Past-āĻ āϤ āĻিāĻŦা āĻāĻা āĻাāĻŽā§° āĻŦāĻĸ়া-āĻুāĻা (increasing-decreasing) āĻŦুāĻাāĻŦā§° āĻŦাāĻŦেāĻ past continuous āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻšāϝ়।
It was getting darker.
They were stealing more and more of his money.
VII. Uses of Past Perfect Tense:
1.
He had left before I came.
He left after I had gone away.
When he had counted the money, he put it।away.
He did not come back till she had left the place.
āĻāĻĒā§°ā§° sentence-āĻŦােā§°ā§° āĻĒ্āϰāϤ্āϝেāĻāĻোāϤে āĻĻুāĻাāĻৈ āĻাāĻŽ āĻšৈāĻে। āĻāĻা āĻাāĻŽ āĻāĻাā§° āĻĒিāĻāϤ āĻā§°ু āĻāĻা āĻাāĻŽ āĻāĻিāĻে। āϝিāĻো āĻাāĻŽ āĻāĻāϤে āĻāĻিāĻে āϤাāĻ past perfect-āĻ ā§° āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāĻļ āĻā§°া āĻšৈāĻে।
He had left before I came-āĻāĻ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝāĻোāϤ āĻĻুāĻা āĻাāĻŽ āĻāĻিāĻে " āϏি āĻāϞ - he had left" āĻā§°ু āĻŽāĻ āĻāĻšিāϞোঁ -I came" āĻিāύ্āϤু āϏি āϝােā§ąাāĻো āĻāĻāϤে āĻšৈāĻে āĻā§°ু āĻŽāĻ āĻ āĻšাāĻো āĻĒিāĻāϤ āĻšৈāĻে। āϏেāĻāĻŦাāĻŦে-"āϏি āϝােā§ąাāĻো
He had left āĻā§°ু āĻŽāĻ āĻ āĻšাāĻো I came ā§° āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাāĻļ āĻšৈ He had left before i came āĻšৈāĻে।
āϞāĻ্āώ্āϝ āĻā§°াঃ
āĻāύেāĻুā§ąা āĻŦাāĻ্āϝāĻŦোā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাāĻļ āĻā§°োāϤে 'when', 'before', 'as soon as', 'till', 'until', 'after āĻāĻĻি conjunction-āĻ āĻŦ āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻšāϝ়।
2. Reported Speech āϤ reporting verb- āĻো past tense āϤ āĻĨাāĻিāϞে reported verb-ā§° past indefinite āĻā§°ু present perfect āĻāĻ āĻĻুā§োāĻা ā§°ূāĻĒ past perfect-āϞৈ āĻĒā§°িā§ąā§°্āϤিāϤ āĻšā§।
(a) He said, "I played football yesterday."
He said (that) he had played football the previous day.
(b) He said, "I have played football."
He said that he had played football.
3. āĻŦāϰ্āĻŖāύা āĻāϰ্āĻŦোāϤে āϝāĻĻি āĻāĻāύাāĻŦােā§° āĻোāύāĻোā§° āĻĒিāĻāϤ āĻোāύāĻো āĻāĻিāĻে āϏি āĻāύেāϝ়ে āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāĻļ āĻĒাāϝ় (āĻ āϰ্āĻĨাā§
seauence of events) ā§° āĻ āϰ্āĻĨ āϝāĻĻি āϏ্āĻĒāώ্āĻ āĻšৈ āĻĨাāĻে āϤেāύেāĻšāϞে past perfect āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āύāĻā§°িāϞেāĻ āĻšāϝ়।
āϝেāύেঃ
I saw him before he saw me.
He opened the window before he got into bed.
āĻিāύ্āϤু Past āϤ āĻšােāĻŦা āĻāĻāύাāĻŦােāĻŦā§° āĻĒā§°া āϝāĻĻি āĻিāĻŦা āĻĢāϞ āĻšােā§ąা āĻŦুāĻাāϝ় āϤেāύেāĻšāϞে past perfect ā§° āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻšāĻŦ āϞাāĻিāĻŦ।
Whende reached the station, the train had already left.
(So we game back).
āϏেāĻāĻĻā§°ে
He suddenly realised that he had left the purse in the bus.
(So he had no money in the pocket.)
When I came in he had just finished his home work. (He was probably putting his book away.)
Note: āĻেāϤিāϝ়াāĻŦা āĻ āϤীāϤāϤ āĻোāύাে āĻāĻāύা āϏāĻŽ্āĻŦāύ্āϧে āĻ āĻŦাāϏ্āĻ¤ā§ą āĻāϞ্āĻĒāύা’ āĻŦা ‘āĻ āύুāĻŽাāύ’ āĻŦুāĻাāĻŦā§° āϏāĻŽāϝ়āϤ 'if' āĻŦা 'I wish'-āĻ ā§° āĻĒাāĻāϤ past perfect-āĻ ā§° āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻšāϝ়।
āϝেāύে—
If I had eaten it I should have died. (But I did not eat it.)
I wish I had helped him. (But I did not help him.)
VIII. Uses of Past Perfect Continuous Tense:
1. He had been singing for two hours and so he felt tired.
He had been working when we came. He had been singing-āĻāĻ āĻাāĻŽāĻো āĻ āϤীāϤāĻাāϞ⧰ āĻোāύাে āĻāĻা āϏāĻŽāϝ়āϤ āĻā§°āĻŽ্āĻ āĻšৈāĻিāϞ āĻā§°ু āĻāĻা āύিāϰ্āĻĻিāώ্āĻ āϏāĻŽāϝ়āϞৈāĻে āĻāϞি āĻāĻিāϞ; āĻāύেāĻুā§ąা āϧ⧰āĻŖā§° āĻ āϤীāϤ⧰ āĻাāĻŽ āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāĻļ āĻā§°িāĻŦāϞৈ past perfect continuous tense āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻā§°া āĻšāϝ়।
IX. Uses of Future Indefinite Tense :
1.
Tomorrow will be Sunday.
He will go home tomorrow.
We shall complete the work in April.
I shall do the work.
āĻāĻĒā§°ā§° sentence-āĻŦােā§°āϤ āĻĒ্āϰāϤ্āϝেāĻāĻোā§° āĻāĻāϞৈ āĻ āϰ্āĻĨাā§ āĻā§ąিāώ্āϝāϤāϤ (future) āĻšােā§ąা āĻāϤাāύুāĻāϤিāĻ āĻŦা āϏাāϧাā§°āĻŖ āĻাāĻŽāĻŦােā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাāĻļ āĻā§°িāĻŦāϞৈ future indefinite tense-āĻ ā§° āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻā§°া āĻšৈāĻে।
Note: (a) Modern English-āĻ āϤ 1st, 2nd āĻā§°ু 3rd āĻāĻাāĻāĻেāĻāĻা Person-āĻ āϤে āϏাāϧাā§°āĻŖāϤে ‘will āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻšāϝ়। āϝেāύে – I/We/You/ He / She/ They will play cricket tomorrow, 1st Person-āĻ āϤ ‘shall-āĻ ā§° āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻšāϝ় āϝāĻĻিāĻ āĻļুāύিāĻŦāϞৈ āĻĒ্ā§°াāϝ়েāĻ āĻāύুāώ্āĻ াāύিāĻ (formal) āϝেāύ āϞাāĻে।
(b) 1' āĻā§°ু ‘we ā§° āϏৈāϤে āĻāϤিāϝ়াāĻ āĻĻিāĻšা āĻĻিāϝ়া (suggession), āϝāĻা (offer) āĻŦা āĻ āĻিāĻĒ্āϰাāϝ় (intention) āĻ āϰ্āĻĨ āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāĻļ āĻā§°িāĻŦāϞৈ “shall” āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻšāϝ়।
āϝেāύে—
Let's start, shall we? Shall we order some coffee? I shall let you know soon.
(c) āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻ্āĻা (promise), āĻāĻĻেāĻļ (command), āĻাāĻŦুāĻি (threat) āĻā§°ু āύিāώেāϧ (prohibition) āĻ āϰ্āĻĨ āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāĻļ āĻā§°িāĻŦāϞৈ second āĻā§°ু third person-āĻ āϤ 'shall' āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšৃāϤ āĻš'āĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে।
You shall have the money next week. (promise) You shall have to answer for your crimes. (threat) You shall do it. (command)
Nobody shall leave the room without my permission. (prohibition)
'Future time' āĻŦুāĻোā§ąা principal clause-āĻোāϤ future tense-āĻāĻ āĻŦāĻšে āĻিāύ্āϤু āĻāϝ়াā§° āϞāĻāϤ āĻĨāĻা subordinate adverb clause-āĻোāϤ simple present-āĻšে āĻŦāĻšে।
āϝেāύে-
We will not go out if it rains.
I will buy a new car when the price comes down.
Note : āĻŽৌāĻিāĻ āĻাāώাāϤ first person-āĻ ā§° āϞāĻāϤ 'will'-āĻ ā§° āϏংāĻ্āώিāĻĒ্āϤ ā§°ূāĻĒāĻোāĻšেI'll, we'll āϏāĻā§°াāĻā§° āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšৃāϤ āĻšােā§ąা āĻĻেāĻা āϝাāϝ়।
X. Uses of Future Continuous Tense:
He will be reading a story book then.
I will be waiting for you this time next Sunday.
āĻāĻĒā§°ā§° sentence-āĻŦােā§°ā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āϤ্āϝেāĻāĻোāϤে āĻāύেāĻুā§ąা āĻāĻোāĻা āĻাāĻŽā§° āĻāĻĨা āĻোā§ąা āĻšৈāĻে—āϝি āĻā§ąিāώ্āϝāϤāϤ āĻāĻি āĻĨāĻা āĻŦুāĻাāĻŦ। āĻāύেāĻুā§ąা āĻā§ąিāώ্āϝāϤāϤ āĻāĻি āĻĨāĻা āĻ ā§ąāϏ্āĻĨাāϤ āĻĨāĻা āĻাāĻŽāĻŦােā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাāĻļ āĻā§°িāĻŦāϞৈ future continuous tense- āĻ ā§° āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻā§°া āĻšāϝ়।
The future continuous tense is used to express an action to be going on in the future. 1. Difference between:
(1) We are meeting tomorrow.
(i) We will be meeting tomorrow.
"We are meetingtomorrow" āĻāĻ sentence-āĻোāϤ āϝি āĻāĻĨাāĻো āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāĻļ āĻšৈāĻে āϏি āĻ āϰ্āĻĨাā§ “āϞāĻ āĻĒােā§ąাāĻো” āĻĒ্ā§°াā§ āύিāĻļ্āĻিāϤ āύāĻšā§। āĻāĻāĻো āĻāĻা āĻāĻ্āϤি āĻšে।
2.āĻ ā§ąāĻļ্āϝে āĻেāϤিāϝ়াāĻŦা future continuous āĻā§°ু present continuous-āĻ āĻāĻে āĻ āϰ্āĻĨ āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāĻļ āĻā§°ে।
āϝেāύে-
He will be taking his examination next week.
He is taking his examination next week.
āĻāĻ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝ āĻĻুāĻাā§° āĻিāϤ⧰āϤ āĻ ā§°্āĻĨā§° āĻŦিāĻļেāώ āĻোāύো āĻĒাā§°্āĻĨāĻ্āϝ āύাāĻ।
XI. Uses of Future Perfect Tense :
We shall have reached home before it rains. They will have finished their work by 5 P.M.
By the end of the year your servant will have broken all the cups and plates.
āĻāĻĒā§°ā§° sentence-āĻŦােā§°āϤ āĻā§ąিāώ্āϝāϤ⧰ āĻোāύাে āύিāϰ্āĻĻিāώ্āĻ āϏāĻŽāϝ়ā§° āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦেāĻ āĻŦা āĻāĻা āĻāĻāύা āĻāĻাā§° āĻāĻāϤেāĻ āĻāύ āĻāĻা āĻāĻāύা āĻāĻি āϝাāĻŦ, āĻāĻ āĻ āϰ্āĻĨāĻো āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাāĻļ āĻā§°িāĻে। āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ sentence-āĻোāϤ āĻā§ąিāώ্āϝāϤāϤ “āĻŦā§°āώুāĻŖ āĻĻিāϝ়াā§° āĻāĻāϤেāĻ āĻā§° āĻĒােā§ąাāĻৈ āĻš’āĻŦ”; āĻĻ্āĻŦিāϤীāϝ় sentence-āĻোāϤ “āĻāĻŦেāϞি ā§Ģ āĻŦāĻাā§° āĻāĻāϤেāĻ āϤেāĻঁāϞােāĻā§° āĻাāĻŽ āĻā§°া āĻšৈ āϝাāĻŦ”-āĻāĻ āĻ āϰ্āĻĨ āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāĻļ āĻšৈāĻে। āĻā§ąিāώ্āϝāϤে āĻোāύাে āύিāϰ্āĻĻিāώ্āĻ āϏāĻŽāϝ়ā§° āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦেāĻ āĻŦা āĻāĻা āĻāĻāύা āĻāĻাā§° āĻāĻāϤেāĻ āĻোāύাে āĻাāĻŽ āĻŦা āĻāĻāύা āĻāĻি āϝাāĻŦ āĻāĻ āĻ āϰ্āĻĨ āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāĻļ āĻā§°িāĻŦā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে future perfect tense-āĻ ā§° āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻšāϝ়।
The future perfect tense is used to express an action that will have finished at or before time in the future.
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