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TENSES | Seba Class 10th English Grammar | HSLC English Grammar : Class 10

Class 10 | English Grammar | TENSES| SEBA

English Grammma Class 10 ,Seba Hslc

1. My father gave me a new pen.

2. I come to school on a bicycle.

3. We will meet him at the station.


āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ sentence- āϟোā§ąে past āĻŦা āĻ…āϤীāϤāϤ āĻ•াāĻŽ āĻāϟা āĻšােā§ąা āĻŦুāϜাāχāĻ›ে; āĻĻ্āĻŦিāϤীāϝ় sentence- āϟোā§ąে present āĻŦা āĻŦāϰ্āϤāĻŽাāύ āĻ•াāĻŽāϟো āĻšােā§ąা āĻŦুāϜাāχāĻ›ে; āφ⧰ু āϤৃāϤীāϝ় sentence- āϟোā§ąে future āĻŦা āĻ­ā§ąিāώ্āϝāϤāϤ āĻ•াāĻŽ āĻāϟা āĻšāĻŦ — āĻāχ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ āϕ⧰িāĻ›ে। Tense āĻŽুāĻ–্āϝāϤঃ āϤিāύিāĻŦিāϧ past, present āφ⧰ু future. Tense- āĻ āϏাāϧাā§°āĻŖāϤে āĻ•োāύ āϏāĻŽāϝ়āϤ verb- āϟো āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāύ্āύ āĻšৈāĻ›ে āϤাāĻ•ে āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ āϕ⧰ে।


āϤāϞāϤ āĻĻিāϝ়া āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝāĻŦােā§°āϞৈ āϞāĻ•্āώ্āϝ āϕ⧰া -


1. I give ........ 

2. I am giving ..........

3. I have given ..........

4. I have been giving .......


āĻ“āĻĒā§°ā§° āφāϟাāχāĻ•েāχāϟা āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝāχ āĻŦāϰ্āϤāĻŽাāύ āϏāĻŽāϝ় āĻŦা present time āĻŦুāϜাāχāĻ›ে।


āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ sentence- āϟোā§ąে āϝি āĻ•āĻĨা āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ āϕ⧰িāĻ›ে āϏি āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ āĻšৈāĻ›েāύে āύাāχ āϤাāĻ• āύিāϰ্āĻĻিāώ্āϟāĻ•ৈ āϧ⧰িāĻŦ āύােā§ąাā§°ি।

āϏেāχāĻŦাāĻŦে āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ sentence- āϟোā§° verb- āϟোāĻ• present indefinite tense- āĻ…āϤ āĻĨāĻ•া āĻŦুāϞি āĻ•োā§ąা āĻšāϝ়।


āĻĻ্āĻŦিāϤীāϝ় sentence- āϟোāϤ āϏ্āĻĒāώ্āϟāĻ•ৈ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ āĻĒাāχāĻ›ে āϝে āĻ•āĻĨাāϟো āĻ•োā§ąাā§° āϏāĻŽāϝ়āϤাে āĻ•াāĻŽāϟো continuing

āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨাā§Ž āĻšৈāϝ়েāχ āφāĻ›ে। āϏেāχāĻŦাāĻŦে āĻāχ sentence- āϟোā§° verb- āϟোāĻ• present continuous tense- āĻ…ā§° āĻŦুāϞি āĻ•োā§ąা āĻšāϝ়।


āϤৃāϤীāϝ় sentence- āϟোāϤ āϧ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ি āϝে āĻ•াāĻŽāϟো completed āĻŦা perfected āĻŦা āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ āĻšৈāĻ›ে। āϏেāχāĻŦাāĻŦে āĻāχ sentence- āϟোā§° verb- āϟোāĻ• present perfect tense- āĻ…āϤ āĻĨāĻ•া āĻŦুāϞি āĻ•োā§ąা āĻšāϝ়।


āϚāϤুā§°্āĻĨ sentence- āϟোāϤ  verb āϟোāĻ•  present perfect continuous tense āϤ āĻĨāĻ•া āĻŦুāϞি āĻ•োā§ąা āĻšāϝ়, āĻ•াā§°āĻŖ āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝāϟোā§°āĻĒā§°া āĻāύেāĻ•ুā§ąা āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ āĻĒাāϝ় āϝে āĻ•াāĻŽ āĻāϟা āĻ…āϤীāϤ⧰ āĻ•োāύাে āĻāϟা āϏāĻŽāϝ়āϤ āφ⧰āĻŽ্āĻ­ āĻšৈ āϚāϞি āφāĻ›ে āφ⧰ু āĻāϤিāϝ়াāĻ“ āĻ•াāĻŽāϟো āĻšৈāϝ়েāχ āφāĻ›ে। āĻ—āϤিāĻ•ে present tense- āĻ…ā§° āϚাā§°িāϟা form āφāĻŽি āĻĒাāϞোঁ। āϝেāύে—

1. I give ------- present indefinite or simple present.

2. I am giving ----- present continuous.

3. I have given ------ present perfect.

4. I have been giving ----- present perfect continuous.

āϝিāĻĻā§°ে  present tense- āĻ…ā§° āϚাā§°িāϟা form āφāĻ›ে āϏেāχāĻĻā§°ে past tense- ā§° āϚাā§°িāϟা form āφāĻ›ে

1. I gave ---- past indefinite or simple past.

2. I was giving --- past continuous.

3. I had given ----- past perfect.

4. I had been giving ----- past perfect continuous.

Present tense āφ⧰ু past tense- āĻ…ā§° āĻĻā§°ে future tense- āĻ…ā§°ā§° āϚাā§°িāϟা form āφāĻ›ে।

1. I will give --- future indefinite or simple future.

2. I will be giving ---- future continuous.

3. I will have given ---- future perfect.

4. I will have been giving ---- future perfect continuous.

Tense- āĻŦিāϞাāϕ⧰ āϝিāĻŦােā§° forms āĻāϤিāϝ়াāϞৈāĻ•ে āĻĻিāϝ়া āĻšৈāĻ›ে āχāĻšঁāϤ āφāϟাāχāĻŦােā§°ā§° verb, active voice āĻ…āϤ āφāĻ›ে। āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āĻāχ verb- āĻŦােā§°āĻ• passive voice- āĻ…āϤ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•াāĻļ āϕ⧰িāϞে āφāĻŽি passive form- āĻŦােā§°াে āĻĒাāĻŽ।

Active āφ⧰ু passive Voice- āĻ…ā§° āĻŦিāώāϝ়ে āĻĒিāϛ⧰ āĻ…āϧ্āϝাāϝ় āĻāϟাāϤ āφāϞােāϚāύা āϕ⧰া āĻš'āĻŦ।


The Uses of Tenses


I. Use of the Present Indefinite or Simple Present:

1. 

Birds fly in the air..

He works hard.

Jayanta goes for a walk every morning.


āĻ“āĻĒā§°ā§° sentence- āĻŦােā§°ā§°āĻĒā§°া āĻĻেāĻ–া āĻĒােā§ąা āĻ—ৈāĻ›ে āϝে āĻĒ্āϰāϤ্āϝেāĻ•āϟো sentence- āĻ āĻāĻ•োāϟা āĻ…āĻ­্āϝাāϏāĻ—āϤ āĻ•াāĻŽ āĻšােā§ąা āĻŦুāϜাāχāĻ›ে। āĻāχāĻĻā§°ে āĻāĻ•োāϟা āĻ…āĻ­্āϝাāϏāĻ—āϤ āĻ•াāĻŽ (habitual action) āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ āϕ⧰িāĻŦāϞৈ present indefinite tense- āĻ…ā§° āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻšāϝ়।


2. 

Man is mortal..

The earth is round.

Honey is sweet..

Heat expands bodies.


āĻ“āĻĒā§°ā§° sentence- āĻŦােā§°ে āĻāĻ•ো āĻāĻ•োāϟা āϏাāϧাā§°āĻŖ āϏāϤ্āϝ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨাā§Ž universal āĻŦা general truth āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ āϕ⧰িāĻ›ে।

āĻāχāĻĻā§°ে āĻāĻ•োāϟা universal āĻŦা general truth āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ āϕ⧰িāĻŦāϞৈāĻ•ো present indefinite- āĻ…ā§° āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻšāϝ়।


3. Here comes Hari!

See how he walks!

Look, it rains!


āĻ“āĻĒā§°ā§° sentence- āĻŦােā§°ে āĻāύেāĻ•ুā§ąা āĻ•িāĻ›ুāĻŽাāύ āĻ•াāĻŽ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ āϕ⧰িāĻ›ে āϝিāĻŦােā§° āĻ•োā§ąা āĻŽুāĻšূāϰ্āϤāϤে āϘāϟি āφāĻ›ে, āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨাā§Ž āϏেāχ āĻŽুāĻšূāϰ্āϤāϤ āĻšৈ āĻĨāĻ•া āĻ•াāĻŽ present indefinite- āĻ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ āϕ⧰িāĻ›ে। āĻāχ āϧ⧰āĻŖā§° āĻ•াāĻŽāĻŦােā§° āϏাāϧাā§°āĻŖāϤে present continuous tense- āĻ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ āϕ⧰ে। āĻāχāĻĻā§°ে āĻ•োā§ąা āϏāĻŽāϝ়āϤ āĻšৈ āĻĨāĻ•া āĻ•াāĻŽāĻŦােā§° present indefinite- āĻāĻ“ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে। āχāϝ়াāĻ• actual present āĻŦুāϞি āĻ•োā§ąা āĻšāϝ়।


4. The Prime Minister arrives at Guwahati tomorrow.

The school re-opens on Monday.

We leave for Shillong next Saturday.


āĻ“āĻĒā§°ā§° sentence- āĻŦােā§°āϤ present indefinite- āĻ āĻ­ā§ąিāώ্āϝāϤ āĻŦা future- āĻ…ā§° āĻāĻ•ো āĻāĻ•োāϟা āĻ•াāĻŽ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ āϕ⧰িāĻ›ে। āĻāχ sentence- āĻŦােā§°āϤ āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻšােā§ąা adverb- āĻŦিāϞাāϕ⧰ āĻĒā§°া (tomorrow, Monday, next Saturday)।

future- āĻ…ā§° āĻ…ā§°্āĻĨāϟো āϏ্āĻĒāώ্āϟāĻ•ৈ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ āĻĒাāχāĻ›ে। āĻāύেāĻ•ুā§ąা adverb of time- āĻ…ā§° āϏৈāϤে present indefinite- āĻ  ' come', ' go', ' start', return ',' leave ' āχāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি verb- āĻ…ā§° future action āĻāĻ•োāϟা āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে ।


5. Alexander now rushes up on the enemy.

The messenger arrives with the news of the disaster.

At once preparations are made to send relief to the victims of the flood.


āĻ“āĻĒā§°ā§° sentence- āĻ•েāχāϟাāϤ āĻ…āϤীāϤ⧰ āϘāϟāύা āĻŦা āĻ•āĻĨা āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ āϕ⧰িāĻŦāϞৈ present indefinite āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻšৈāĻ›ে।āĻāχāĻĻā§°ে āĻ•েāϤিāϝ়াāĻŦা āĻ…āϤীāϤ⧰ āϘāϟāύাāĻ• āϏāϜীā§ąāĻ•ৈ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•াāĻļ āϕ⧰িāĻŦāϞৈ present indefinite tense āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āϕ⧰া āĻšāϝ়। āχāϝ়াāĻ• historic present āĻŦুāϞি āĻ•োā§ąা āĻšāϝ়।

6.

I hear you have bought a car. We understand you arrived only yesterday.

āĻ“āĻĒā§°ā§° sentence- āĻŦােā§°āĻ• āĻāχāĻĻā§°ে āĻŦāĻšāϞাāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ি

I hear (= have heard) you have bought a car.

We understand (= have understood) you arrived only yesterday.

āχāϝ়াā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻĻেāĻ–া āĻ—'āϞ āϝে Present Perfect- āĻ…ā§° āĻĒā§°িā§ąāϰ্āϤেāĻ“ Present indefinite āĻŦāĻšিāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে।

āĻ•েāϤিāϝ়াāĻŦা āĻ…āϤীāϤ⧰ āϘāϟāύা āĻŦা āĻ…āĻ­িāϜ্āĻžāϤা āĻāϟাā§° āĻŦā§°্āϤāĻŽাāύ⧰ āĻĢāϞ āĻĻেāĻ–ুā§ąাāĻŦā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে present perfect- āĻ…ā§° āĻ াāχāϤ

present indefinite āĻŦāĻšে। āϏাāϧাā§°āĻŖāϤে ' hear', ' see', ' learn', ' understand' āĻāχ verb- āĻŦােā§°ā§° āϏৈāϤে present perfect- āĻ…ā§° āĻ াāχāϤ present indefinite āĻŦāĻšিāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে। āχāϝ়াāĻ• perfect present āĻŦুāϞিāĻ“ āĻ•োā§ąা āĻšāϝ়।


7. Shakespear says, " All that glitters is not gold."

It is said in the Bible, " Thou shalt not steal."

āĻ•োāύােāĻŦা āĻ—্āϰāύ্āĻĨ āĻŦা āĻ—্āϰāύ্āĻĨāĻ•াā§°ā§° āĻĒā§°া āωāĻĻ্āϧৃāϤি āĻĻিāĻŦāϞৈ āĻš'āϞেāĻ“ present indefinite āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻšāϝ়।

II. Uses of the Present Continuous Tense:

1. The baby is sleeping.

Mira is writing.

Mother is cooking.

āĻ“āĻĒā§°ā§° sentence- āĻŦিāϞাāĻ•ে āĻ•ৈ āĻĨāĻ•া āĻŽুāĻšূāϰ্āϤāϤ āĻ•াāĻŽāĻŦােā§° āĻšৈ āĻĨāĻ•া āĻŦুāϜাāχāĻ›ে। āĻāχāĻĻā§°ে āĻ•াāĻŽ āĻšৈāϝ়ে āφāĻ›ে āĻŦা āϚāϞি āφāĻ›ে āĻŦুāϜাāĻŦāϞৈ present continuous tense- āĻ…ā§° āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻšāϝ়। (āĻāχ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨāϤ present indefinite- āĻ…āϤ āĻ•ৈ present continuous- āĻšে āĻŦেāĻ›িāĻ•ৈ āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āϕ⧰া āĻšāϝ় ।

2. I am going to Dibrugarh tomorrow.

She is coming soon to our town.

Hari is leaving for Dibrugarh on Wednesday.

Present continuous- āĻ āĻ“āĻĒā§°ā§° sentence- āĻŦােā§°āϤ future āĻŦা āĻ­ā§ąিāώ্āϝāϤ⧰ āĻāĻ•োāϟা āĻ•াāĻŽ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ āϕ⧰িāĻ›ে।

āĻāχāĻĻā§°ে future- āĻ…ā§° āĻ•াāĻŽ āĻŦুāϜাāĻŦāϞৈāĻ•ো present continuous āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒā§°া āĻšāϝ়। āϏাāϧাā§°āĻŖāϤে āĻāύেāĻŦােā§° sentence āĻ…āϤ āϏāĻŽāϝ়ā§° āωāϞ্āϞেāĻ– āĻĨাāĻ•ে। (āϝেāύে– Wednesday, tomorrow, soon


Note: 

(a) āĻāχāĻĻā§°ে Present continuous- āĻ future- āĻ…āϤ āĻ•াāĻŽ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒাāĻĻāύ āĻšােā§ąা āĻŦুāϜাāϞে " going to" āĻāχ form āϟোā§° āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ি। āϝেāύে:-

(i) We are playing football this afternoon.

(ii) We are going to play football this afternoon.

āĻ“āĻĒā§°ā§° sentence āĻĻুāϟাā§° āĻ­িāϤ⧰āϤ āĻ…ā§°্āĻĨā§° āĻ•োāύাে āĻŦিāĻļেāώ āĻĒাāϰ্āĻĨāĻ•্āϝ āύাāχ।

(b) āϝāĻĻি āĻĒাā§°ি future  āĻ…āϤ āĻ•িāĻŦা āĻāϟা āϘāϟা āĻŦা āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒাāĻĻāύ āĻšােā§ąা āĻĒ্āϰাāϝ় āύিāĻļ্āϚিāϤ, āϤেāϤিāϝ়া āĻš'āϞেāĻ“ going to āĻāχ form- āϟো  āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ি।

āϝেāύে:- 

It is going to rain, look at those clouds.

He is very ill, I am afraid he is going to die.


3. People are eating more meat these days.

We are having rainy weather at present.

āĻ“āĻĒā§°ā§° Sentence āĻŦোā§°ে āĻāϟা newly acquired

habit āĻŦা temporary habit āĻŦা āϏাāĻŽāϝ়িāĻ•āĻ­াā§ąে āφāĻšā§°āĻŖ āϕ⧰া āĻ…āĻ­্āϝাāϏ āφāĻĻি āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•াāĻļ āϕ⧰িāĻŦāϞৈ⧟ো present continues ā§° āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻšāϝ়।āϤেāϤি⧟া āĻ…ā§ąāĻļ্āϝে āĻ‡ā§Ÿাā§° āϞāĻ—āϤ  'these days', ' at present āχāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻšāϝ়।

āϞāĻ•্āώ্āϝ āϕ⧰িāĻŦāϞāĻ—ীāϝ়া:

āϤāϞāϤ āĻĻিāϝ়া verb- āĻŦােā§° āϏাāϧাā§°āĻŖāϤে present continuous tense- āĻ…āϤ āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āύāĻšāϝ়। āϏিāĻšঁāϤে present indefinite tense- āĻ…ā§° āϏāĻšাāϝ়āϤেāχ present continuous tense āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ āϕ⧰ে।

āĻāχ verb- āĻŦােā§°ে āϏাāϧাā§°āĻŖāϤে āĻāϟা āĻ­াāĻŦ āĻŦা āφāĻŦেāĻ— (emotion), āĻ•িāĻŦা āĻāϟা āϜāύা (knowing) āĻŦা āĻ•িāĻŦা āĻāϟা āĻ­āĻŦা (thinking) āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ āϕ⧰ে।

Verbs of Senses: See, hear, smell, notice, recognise.

Verbs of emotion: love, hate, like, wish, want, desire, forgive etc.


Verbs of thinking and knowing: think, feel, realise, understand, know, believe, expect,

remember, forget etc.


āχāϝ়াā§° āĻŦাāĻšিā§°েāĻ“ belong, consist, contain, matter, possess, resemble āχāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি verb- āĻ“ present continuous- āĻ…āϤ āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āύāĻšāϝ়। 

āϝেāύে:-

I see (not ' am seeing' him.

I wish (not ' am wishing' you success.


āĻ…ā§ąāĻļ্āϝে āĻŦিāĻļেāώ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨ āĻŦুāϜাāĻŦā§° āĻ•াā§°āĻŖে āĻāχ verb- āĻŦােā§°āĻ• present continuous tense- āĻ…āϤ āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§°

āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ি। āϝেāύে—

I see a bird in the sky. āĻ•িāύ্āϤু---

I am seeing a play to-night. (a future activity āĻāχ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨāϤ)

āĻ িāĻ• āϏেāχāĻĻā§°ে

Do you mind ifI open the window? fpe He is minding (looking after) the baby while

his wife is cooking.


III. Uses of the Present Perfect Tense:


1. 

I have finished the letter.

The sun has set.

Mina has applied for leave of absence.


āĻ“āĻĒā§°ā§° sentence- āĻŦােā§°āϤ āĻ•াāĻŽ āĻāϟা āĻāχ āĻŽাāϤ্āϰ āĻļেāώ āĻšােā§ąা āĻŦুāϜাāχāĻ›ে। āĻāχāĻĻā§°ে āĻāϤিāϝ়া āĻļেāώ āĻšােā§ąা āĻ•াāĻŽ āĻāĻ•োāϟা āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ āϕ⧰িāĻŦāϞৈ present perfect- āĻ…ā§° āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻšāϝ়।


2. We have known each other for ten years.

We have lived in this house since 2009.

I have never drunk tea.


āĻāχ sentence- āĻŦােā§°ে āĻāύেāĻ•ুā§ąা āĻ•িāĻ›ুāĻŽাāύ āĻ•াāĻŽ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ āϕ⧰িāĻ›ে āϝিāĻŦােā§° past āĻŦা āĻ…āϤীāϤ⧰ āĻĒā§°া present moment āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨাā§Ž āĻŦāϰ্āϤāĻŽাāύ āĻŽুāĻšূā§°্āϤāϞৈāĻ•ে continue āϕ⧰ি āφāĻ›ে। āĻāύেāĻ•ৈ continue āϕ⧰ি āĻĨāĻ•া āĻ•াāĻŽ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ āϕ⧰িāĻŦā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে present perfect āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ি। āφ⧰ু āĻāχāϟোā§ąেāχ āĻš’āϞ present perfect tense- āĻ…ā§° continuative use.


āφāĻŽি ' We have lived in this house since 1952", āĻāχ sentence- āϟোāĻ• " We have been living in this house since 1952" āĻŦুāϞিāĻ“ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°োঁ।


Note: Present perfect tense-vya sto adverbials of past time opefte yesterday, last week,three days ago āφāĻĻি āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšৃāϤ āĻš’āĻŦ āύােā§ąাā§°ে।

āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨাā§Ž I have come yesterday '. āĻš’āĻŦ āύােā§ąাā§°ে। I came yesterday- āĻšে āĻš'āĻŦ।

āĻ•িāύ্āϤু present perfect tense- āĻ…ā§° āϞāĻ—āϤ adverbials of durations (since yesterday, since 2009, for the last week etc.), adverbials of present time (today, this week, this month etc.) āφ⧰ু adverbials of frequencey (ever, never, always, after etc.) āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āϕ⧰া āĻšāϝ়।


3.

I have seen him this morning.

We have been busy this afternoon.

It has been cold this winter.


āĻ“āĻĒā§°ā§° sentence- āĻŦােā§°āϤ āĻ•াāĻŽāϟো āĻļেāώ āĻšােā§ąা āĻŦুāϜাāχāĻ›ে। āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āĻ•াāĻŽ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāύ্āύ āĻšােā§ąা āϏāĻŽāϝ়āϟো āĻļেāώ āĻšােā§ąা āύাāχ। āĻāχāĻĻā§°ে āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒাāĻĻিāϤ āĻšােā§ąা āĻ•াāĻŽāϟোā§° āϏāĻŽāϝ়āϟো āϝāĻĻি āĻāϤিāϝ়াāĻ“ āϚāϞি āφāĻ›ে āϤেāύেāĻš'āϞে āϏেāχ āĻ•াāĻŽāϟো āφāĻŽি present perfect tense- āĻ…ā§° āϏāĻšাāϝ়েā§°ে āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•াāĻļ āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°োঁ।


4. āϝāĻĻি āĻāϟা āĻ•াāĻŽ past āĻŦা āĻ…āϤীāϤāϤ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒাāĻĻিāϤ āĻšৈāĻ›ে āĻ…āĻĨāϚ present āĻŦা āĻŦāϰ্āϤāĻŽাāύāϤ āϤাā§° āĻĢāϞāϟো āĻŦা result- āϟো āϚāϞি āφāĻ›ে āĻŦা āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ āĻĒাāχāĻ›ে āϤেāύেāĻš'āϞে āϤেāύেāĻ•ুā§ąা āĻ•াāĻŽāĻŦােā§°াে present perfect- āĻ…ā§° āϏāĻšাāϝ়েā§°ে āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒā§°া āĻšāϝ়। 


āϝেāύে—

I have cut my finger. (Result: It is still bleeding)

We have bought a bicycle.( Result: so we now have a bicycle.)

You have torn your coat .(Result: There is a tear in your coat)

Note: Go, come, set, use āφāĻĻি āĻ•িāĻ›ুāĻŽাāύ intransitive verb-ā§° present perfect tense' be ' verb āĻ…ā§° āϏৈāϤেāĻ“ āĻš'āĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে। 

āϝেāύে—

He is gone. (= He has gone.)

The sun is set. (=The moon has risen.)


IV. Uses of Present Perfect Continuous Tense :

I have been doing this for six months.

I have been living in this house since 2010.


āĻ“āĻĒā§°ā§° sentence-āĻŦােā§°ā§° āĻ•াāĻŽāĻŦােā§° past āĻŦা āĻ…āϤীāϤāϤে āφ⧰āĻŽ্āϤ āĻšােā§ąা āĻŦুāϜাāχāĻ›ে āφ⧰ু āĻāϤিāϝ়াāĻ“ āϚāϞি āĻĨāĻ•া āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ āϕ⧰িāĻ›ে। āφāĻ—āϤে āφ⧰āĻŽ্āĻ­ āĻšৈāĻ›ে āĻ…āĻĨāϚ āĻāϤিāϝ়াāĻ“ āϚāϞি āφāĻ›ে, āĻāύে āϧ⧰āĻŖā§° āĻ•াāĻŽāĻŦােā§° present perfect continuous tense ā§° āϏāĻšা⧟āϤ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•াāĻļ āϕ⧰া āĻšā§Ÿ।


Note : Present continuous-āĻ…ā§° āϞāĻ—āϤ āϝিāĻŦোā§° verb-āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āύāĻšāϝ় āĻŦুāϞি āφāĻ—āϤে āĻ•োā§ąা āĻšৈāĻ›ে āϏেāχ verb āĻŦোā§° present perfect continuous tense ā§° āϏৈāϤেāĻ“ āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻšā§Ÿ !

Incorrect: We have been knowing each other for ten years.

Correct : We have known each other for ten years.


V. Uses of Past Indefinite or Simple Past:


1. He was born in 1906.

     I met him last week.

     He came here recently.

     Did you sleep well last night?


āĻ“āĻĒā§°ā§° sentence-āĻŦােā§°ে āĻļেāώ āĻšােā§ąা āĻ•িāĻ›ুāĻŽাāύ āĻ•াāĻŽ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ āϕ⧰িāĻ›ে। āĻāχ āĻ•াāĻŽāĻŦােā§° past-āĻ…āϤ āĻšৈāĻ›ে āχāχāϤ⧰।present āĻŦা āĻŦāϰ্āϤāĻŽাāύ⧰ āϞāĻ—āϤ āĻ•োāύাে āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻ• āύাāχ। āϏāĻŽāϝ়āϟোāĻ•ো āĻ•িāĻ›ুāĻŽাāύ adverb past time-āĻ (in 1906, last week, recently, last night)  āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•াāĻļ āϕ⧰িāĻ›ে।

āĻāχāĻĻā§°ে āĻ…āϤীāϤāϤে āĻļেāώ āĻšােā§ąা āφ⧰ু āĻŦāϰ্āϤāĻŽাāύ⧰ āϞāĻ—āϤ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻ• āύāĻĨāĻ•া āĻ•াāĻŽ āĻŦা āĻ…ā§ąāϏ্āĻĨা āĻ•িāĻ›ুāĻŽাāύ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ āϕ⧰িāĻŦāϞৈ past indefinite āĻ…ā§° āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻšāϝ়।


2. He worked in that bank for four years.

He lived in Kolkata for a long time.

My mother once saw Mahatma Gandhi.


āĻ“āĻĒā§°ā§° sentence-āĻ•েāχāϟাāϤ āĻ•াāĻŽāĻŦােā§° āϏāĻ িāĻ•āĻ•ৈ āĻ•েāϤিāϝ়া āĻšৈāĻ›িāϞ āϤাā§° āωāϞ্āϞেāĻ– āύাāχ; āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āϏেāχ āϏāĻŽāϝ়āϟো āĻ…āϤীāϤāϤ āĻšৈ āĻ—ৈāĻ›ে। āĻāύেāĻ•ৈ āĻ•াāĻŽāϟো āϕ⧰াā§° āϏāĻ িāĻ• āϏāĻŽāϝ় āĻĻিāϝ়া āύাāĻĨাāĻ•িāϞেāĻ“ āĻ•াāĻŽāϟো āϕ⧰াā§° āϏāĻŽāϝ়āϟো āϝāĻĻি।āĻ…āϤীāϤ āĻšৈ āϝাāϝ় āϤেāύেāĻšāϞে āφāĻŽি past indefinite tense āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাā§° āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°োঁ।


3. He studied hard.

During summer we went for swimming everyday.

He held his class here.

They never drank tea.


āĻ“āĻĒā§°ā§° sentence-āĻŦােā§°ে āĻ•িāĻ›ুāĻŽাāύ āĻŦাā§°ে āĻŦাā§°ে āϕ⧰িāĻĨāĻ•া āĻŦা āĻ…āĻ­্āϝাāϏāĻ—āϤ āĻ•াāĻŽ (repeated āĻŦা habitual activities) āĻ…āϤীāϤāϤ āĻšােāĻŦা āĻŦুāϜাāχāĻ›ে। āĻāχāĻĻā§°ে āĻ…āϤীāϤ⧰ āĻ•িāĻ›ুāĻŽাāύ repeated āĻŦা habitual activity-ā§° āĻ•াā§°āĻŖে past indefinite tense āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āϕ⧰া āĻšā§Ÿ।

āĻ“āĻĒā§°ā§° āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝāĻŦােā§° 'used' āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āϕ⧰িāĻ“ āϞিāĻ–িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ি। 

āϝেāύে:

He studied hard.

He used to study hard, etc.


Note : 

(a) efoRa a hesitation), (modesty) 1a a a can, may, will।āφāĻĻি verb-āĻ…ā§° past form-āĻŦােā§° āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাā§° āϕ⧰া āĻšāϝ়।


Could you lend me fifty rupees?

Would you please tell me the time?

The report might be true.

Might I trouble you for a pen?


(b) āĻ•েāϤিāϝ়াāĻŦা āχāϚ্āĻ›া (willingness), āĻ…āύিāϚ্āĻ›া āĻŦা āφāĻ—্āϰāĻš (refusal or inclination) āφāĻĻি āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ āϕ⧰িāĻŦā§° āĻŦাāĻŦেāĻ“ 'can', 'will', 'shall' āφāĻĻি verb-āĻ…āĻŦ past form-āĻŦোā§°াে āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦā§ąāĻšাā§° āϕ⧰া āĻšāϝ়।

I could (feel inclined to) laugh for joy.

He would not (refuse to) tell us secret.


(c) āĻŦāϰ্āϤāĻŽাāύ⧰ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨ āĻāϟা āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ āϕ⧰িāĻŦāϞৈ 'it is'-āĻ…ā§° āĻĒাāĻ›āϤ past indefinite āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ি। 

āϝেāύেঃ

It is time we left.


VI. Uses of Past Continuous Tense:


While she was reading someone knocked at the door.

When I came it was still raining.

The sun was just setting as we reached home.

Where were you living when the war broke out?


āĻ“āĻĒā§°ā§° sentence-āĻŦােā§°ā§° āĻĒ্āϰāϤ্āϝেāĻ•āϟোāϤে āĻ…āϤীāϤ⧰ āĻĻুāϟা āĻ•াāĻŽ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ āϕ⧰া āĻšৈāĻ›ে। āĻāϟা āĻ•াāĻŽ āĻšৈ āĻĨাāĻ•োāϤে āφāύ āĻāϟা āĻ•াāĻŽ āϘāϟিāĻ›ে। āϝি āĻ•াāĻŽāϟো āĻšৈ āφāĻ›িāϞ āϤাāĻ• past continuous āφ⧰ু āϝিāϟো āĻ•াāĻŽ āύāϤুāύāĻ•ৈ āϘāϟিāĻ›ে āϤাāĻ• past indefinite-āĻ…ā§° āϏāĻšাāϝ়āϤ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ āϕ⧰া āĻšāϝ়।


"While she was reading'- āϟো āĻšৈ āĻĨāĻ•া āĻŦা āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻ•াāĻŽ  (first activity); 'someone knocked at the door' faP (second activity) I āϏেāχāĻŦাāĻŦে first activity āϟো past continuous- āϤ āφ⧰ু second activity āϟো past indefinite āϤ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•াāĻļ āĻĒাāχāĻ›ে।


I was washing the clothes and mother was cooking. While Dinesh was digging up potatoes, Haren was picking plums.


āĻ“āĻĒā§°ā§° sentence āĻĻুāϟাā§°āĻĒā§°া āĻĻেāĻ–া āĻ—āϞ āϝে past-āĻ…āϤ āĻāĻ•েāϞāĻ—ে āϚāϞি āĻĨāĻ•া āĻŦা āĻšৈ āĻĨāĻ•া āĻĻুāϟা āĻ•াāĻŽ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ āϕ⧰িāĻŦā§° āĻŦাāĻŦেāĻ“ continuous-āĻ…ā§° āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাā§° āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ি।


Note : (a) Reported speech āϤ  reporting verb āϟো āϝāĻĻি past tense āϤ āĻĨাāĻ•ে āϤেāύেāĻšāϞে reported verb ā§° present continuous ā§° ā§°ূāĻĒāϟো past continuous āϞৈ āĻĒā§°িā§ąā§°্āϤিāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ। 


āϝেāύেঃ

He said, "I am coming,"

He said (that) he was coming.

(b) Past-āĻ…āϤ āĻ•িāĻŦা āĻāϟা āĻ•াāĻŽā§° āĻŦāĻĸ়া-āϟুāϟা (increasing-decreasing) āĻŦুāϜাāĻŦā§° āĻŦাāĻŦেāĻ“ past continuous āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻšāϝ়।

It was getting darker.

They were stealing more and more of his money.


VII. Uses of Past Perfect Tense:

1.

He had left before I came.

He left after I had gone away.

When he had counted the money, he put it।away.

He did not come back till she had left the place.


āĻ“āĻĒā§°ā§° sentence-āĻŦােā§°ā§° āĻĒ্āϰāϤ্āϝেāĻ•āϟোāϤে āĻĻুāϟাāĻ•ৈ āĻ•াāĻŽ āĻšৈāĻ›ে। āĻāϟা āĻ•াāĻŽ āϘāϟাā§° āĻĒিāĻ›āϤ āφ⧰ু āĻāϟা āĻ•াāĻŽ āϘāϟিāĻ›ে। āϝিāϟো āĻ•াāĻŽ āφāĻ—āϤে āϘāϟিāĻ›ে āϤাāĻ• past perfect-āĻ…ā§° āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ āϕ⧰া āĻšৈāĻ›ে।


He had left before I came-āĻāχ āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝāϟোāϤ āĻĻুāϟা āĻ•াāĻŽ āϘāϟিāĻ›ে " āϏি āĻ—āϞ - he had left" āφ⧰ু āĻŽāχ āφāĻšিāϞোঁ -I came" āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āϏি āϝােā§ąাāϟো āφāĻ—āϤে āĻšৈāĻ›ে āφ⧰ু āĻŽāχ āĻ…āĻšাāϟো āĻĒিāĻ›āϤ āĻšৈāĻ›ে। āϏেāχāĻŦাāĻŦে-"āϏি āϝােā§ąাāϟো

He had left āφ⧰ু āĻŽāχ āĻ…āĻšাāϟো I came ā§° āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•াāĻļ āĻšৈ He had left before i came āĻšৈāĻ›ে।


āϞāĻ•্āώ্āϝ āϕ⧰াঃ

āĻāύেāĻ•ুā§ąা āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝāĻŦোā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•াāĻļ āϕ⧰োāϤে  'when', 'before', 'as soon as', 'till', 'until', 'after āφāĻĻি conjunction-āĻ…āĻŦ āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻšāϝ়।


2. Reported Speech āϤ reporting verb- āϟো past tense āϤ āĻĨাāĻ•িāϞে  reported verb-ā§° past indefinite āφ⧰ু present perfect āĻāχ āĻĻু⧟োāϟা ā§°ূāĻĒ  past perfect-āϞৈ āĻĒā§°িā§ąā§°্āϤিāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ।


(a) He said, "I played football yesterday."

He said (that) he had played football the previous day.


(b) He said, "I have played football."

He said that he had played football.


3. āĻŦāϰ্āĻŖāύা āĻ•āϰ্āĻŦোāϤে āϝāĻĻি āϘāϟāύাāĻŦােā§° āĻ•োāύāϟোā§° āĻĒিāĻ›āϤ āĻ•োāύāϟো āϘāϟিāĻ›ে āϏি āĻāύেāϝ়ে āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ āĻĒাāϝ় (āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨাā§Ž

seauence of events) ā§° āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨ āϝāĻĻি āϏ্āĻĒāώ্āϟ āĻšৈ āĻĨাāĻ•ে āϤেāύেāĻšāϞে past perfect āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āύāϕ⧰িāϞেāĻ“ āĻšāϝ়। 

āϝেāύেঃ

I saw him before he saw me.

He opened the window before he got into bed.

āĻ•িāύ্āϤু Past āϤ āĻšােāĻŦা āϘāϟāύাāĻŦােāĻŦā§° āĻĒā§°া āϝāĻĻি āĻ•িāĻŦা āĻĢāϞ āĻšােā§ąা āĻŦুāϜাāϝ় āϤেāύেāĻšāϞে past perfect ā§° āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻšāĻŦ āϞাāĻ—িāĻŦ।

Whende reached the station, the train had already left.

(So we game back).

āϏেāχāĻĻā§°ে

He suddenly realised that he had left the purse in the bus.

(So he had no money in the pocket.)

When I came in he had just finished his home work.  (He was probably putting his book away.)

Note: āĻ•েāϤিāϝ়াāĻŦা āĻ…āϤীāϤāϤ āĻ•োāύাে āϘāϟāύা āϏāĻŽ্āĻŦāύ্āϧে āĻ…āĻŦাāϏ্āĻ¤ā§ą āĻ•āϞ্āĻĒāύা’ āĻŦা ‘āĻ…āύুāĻŽাāύ’ āĻŦুāϜাāĻŦā§° āϏāĻŽāϝ়āϤ 'if' āĻŦা 'I  wish'-āĻ…ā§° āĻĒাāĻ›āϤ past perfect-āĻ…ā§° āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻšāϝ়।

 āϝেāύে— 

If I had eaten it I should have died. (But I did not eat it.) 

I wish I had helped him. (But I did not help him.)  

VIII. Uses of Past Perfect Continuous Tense:  

1. He had been singing for two hours and so he felt tired.  

He had been working when we came.  He had been singing-āĻāχ āĻ•াāĻŽāϟো āĻ…āϤীāϤāĻ•াāϞ⧰ āĻ•োāύাে āĻāϟা āϏāĻŽāϝ়āϤ āφ⧰āĻŽ্āĻ­ āĻšৈāĻ›িāϞ āφ⧰ু āĻāϟা āύিāϰ্āĻĻিāώ্āϟ āϏāĻŽāϝ়āϞৈāĻ•ে āϚāϞি āφāĻ›িāϞ; āĻāύেāĻ•ুā§ąা āϧ⧰āĻŖā§° āĻ…āϤীāϤ⧰ āĻ•াāĻŽ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ āϕ⧰িāĻŦāϞৈ past perfect continuous tense āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āϕ⧰া āĻšāϝ়।


IX. Uses of Future Indefinite Tense :  


1. 

Tomorrow will be Sunday.  

He will go home tomorrow.

We shall complete the work in April. 

I shall do the work.

āĻ“āĻĒā§°ā§° sentence-āĻŦােā§°āϤ āĻĒ্āϰāϤ্āϝেāĻ•āϟোā§° āφāĻ—āϞৈ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨাā§Ž āĻ­ā§ąিāώ্āϝāϤāϤ (future) āĻšােā§ąা āĻ—āϤাāύুāĻ—āϤিāĻ• āĻŦা āϏাāϧাā§°āĻŖ āĻ•াāĻŽāĻŦােā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•াāĻļ āϕ⧰িāĻŦāϞৈ future indefinite tense-āĻ…ā§° āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āϕ⧰া āĻšৈāĻ›ে। 


Note: (a) Modern English-āĻ…āϤ 1st, 2nd āφ⧰ু 3rd āφāϟাāχāĻ•েāχāϟা Person-āĻ…āϤে āϏাāϧাā§°āĻŖāϤে ‘will  āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻšāϝ়। āϝেāύে – I/We/You/ He / She/ They will play cricket tomorrow, 1st Person-āĻ…āϤ ‘shall-āĻ…ā§° āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻšāϝ় āϝāĻĻিāĻ“ āĻļুāύিāĻŦāϞৈ āĻĒ্ā§°াāϝ়েāχ āφāύুāώ্āĻ াāύিāĻ• (formal) āϝেāύ āϞাāĻ—ে।


(b) 1' āφ⧰ু ‘we ā§° āϏৈāϤে āĻāϤিāϝ়াāĻ“ āĻĻিāĻšা āĻĻিāϝ়া (suggession), āϝāϚা (offer) āĻŦা āĻ…āĻ­িāĻĒ্āϰাāϝ় (intention)  āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ āϕ⧰িāĻŦāϞৈ “shall” āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻšāϝ়।

āϝেāύে—  

Let's start, shall we? Shall we order some coffee? I shall let you know soon. 

(c) āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāϜ্āĻžা (promise), āφāĻĻেāĻļ (command), āĻ­াāĻŦুāĻ•ি (threat) āφ⧰ু āύিāώেāϧ (prohibition) āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨ  āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ āϕ⧰িāĻŦāϞৈ second āφ⧰ু third person-āĻ…āϤ 'shall' āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšৃāϤ āĻš'āĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে। 

You shall have the money next week. (promise) You shall have to answer for your crimes. (threat) You shall do it. (command) 

Nobody shall leave the room without my permission. (prohibition)  

'Future time' āĻŦুāϜোā§ąা principal clause-āϟোāϤ future tense-āĻāχ āĻŦāĻšে āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āχāϝ়াā§° āϞāĻ—āϤ āĻĨāĻ•া subordinate adverb clause-āϟোāϤ simple present-āĻšে āĻŦāĻšে। 

āϝেāύে-  

We will not go out if it rains.  

I will buy a new car when the price comes down. 

Note : āĻŽৌāĻ–িāĻ• āĻ­াāώাāϤ first person-āĻ…ā§° āϞāĻ—āϤ 'will'-āĻ…ā§° āϏংāĻ•্āώিāĻĒ্āϤ ā§°ূāĻĒāϟোāĻšেI'll, we'll āϏāϚ⧰াāϚ⧰ āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšৃāϤ  āĻšােā§ąা āĻĻেāĻ–া āϝাāϝ়।  

X. Uses of Future Continuous Tense:  

He will be reading a story book then. 

I will be waiting for you this time next Sunday.  

āĻ“āĻĒā§°ā§° sentence-āĻŦােā§°ā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āϤ্āϝেāĻ•āϟোāϤে āĻāύেāĻ•ুā§ąা āĻāĻ•োāϟা āĻ•াāĻŽā§° āĻ•āĻĨা āĻ•োā§ąা āĻšৈāĻ›ে—āϝি āĻ­ā§ąিāώ্āϝāϤāϤ āϘāϟি āĻĨāĻ•া āĻŦুāϜাāĻŦ।  āĻāύেāĻ•ুā§ąা āĻ­ā§ąিāώ্āϝāϤāϤ āϘāϟি āĻĨāĻ•া āĻ…ā§ąāϏ্āĻĨাāϤ āĻĨāĻ•া āĻ•াāĻŽāĻŦােā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•াāĻļ āϕ⧰িāĻŦāϞৈ future continuous tense- āĻ…ā§° āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āϕ⧰া āĻšāϝ়।  

The future continuous tense is used to express an action to be going on in the future. 1. Difference between: 

(1) We are meeting tomorrow. 

(i) We will be meeting tomorrow. 

"We are meetingtomorrow" āĻāχ sentence-āϟোāϤ āϝি āĻ•āĻĨাāϟো āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ āĻšৈāĻ›ে āϏি āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨাā§Ž “āϞāĻ— āĻĒােā§ąাāϟো” āĻĒ্ā§°া⧟ āύিāĻļ্āϚিāϤ āύāĻšā§Ÿ। āĻāχāϟো āĻāϟা āωāĻ•্āϤি āĻšে।

2.āĻ…ā§ąāĻļ্āϝে āĻ•েāϤিāϝ়াāĻŦা future continuous āφ⧰ু present continuous-āĻ āĻāĻ•ে āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ āϕ⧰ে। 

āϝেāύে- 

He will be taking his examination next week. 

He is taking his examination next week.

āĻāχ āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝ āĻĻুāϟাā§° āĻ­িāϤ⧰āϤ āĻ…ā§°্āĻĨā§° āĻŦিāĻļেāώ āĻ•োāύো āĻĒাā§°্āĻĨāĻ•্āϝ āύাāχ।


XI. Uses of Future Perfect Tense :  

We shall have reached home before it rains. They will have finished their work by 5 P.M. 

By the end of the year your servant will have broken all the cups and plates.  

āĻ“āĻĒā§°ā§° sentence-āĻŦােā§°āϤ āĻ­ā§ąিāώ্āϝāϤ⧰ āĻ•োāύাে āύিāϰ্āĻĻিāώ্āϟ āϏāĻŽāϝ়ā§° āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦেāχ āĻŦা āĻāϟা āϘāϟāύা āϘāϟাā§° āφāĻ—āϤেāχ āφāύ āĻāϟা āϘāϟāύা āϘāϟি āϝাāĻŦ, āĻāχ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨāϟো āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•াāĻļ āϕ⧰িāĻ›ে। āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ sentence-āϟোāϤ āĻ­ā§ąিāώ্āϝāϤāϤ “āĻŦā§°āώুāĻŖ āĻĻিāϝ়াā§° āφāĻ—āϤেāχ āϘ⧰ āĻĒােā§ąাāĻ—ৈ āĻš’āĻŦ”; āĻĻ্āĻŦিāϤীāϝ় sentence-āϟোāϤ “āφāĻŦেāϞি ā§Ģ āĻŦāϜাā§° āφāĻ—āϤেāχ āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞােāϕ⧰ āĻ•াāĻŽ āϕ⧰া āĻšৈ āϝাāĻŦ”-āĻāχ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ āĻšৈāĻ›ে। āĻ­ā§ąিāώ্āϝāϤে āĻ•োāύাে āύিāϰ্āĻĻিāώ্āϟ āϏāĻŽāϝ়ā§° āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦেāχ āĻŦা āĻāϟা āϘāϟāύা āϘāϟাā§° āφāĻ—āϤেāχ āĻ•োāύাে āĻ•াāĻŽ āĻŦা āϘāϟāύা āϘāϟি āϝাāĻŦ āĻāχ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ āϕ⧰িāĻŦā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে future perfect tense-āĻ…ā§° āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻšāϝ়।  

The future perfect tense is used to express an action that will have finished at or before time in the future.  

XII. Future perfect continuous tense-āĻ…ā§° āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻĒ্ā§°াāϝ় āύাāχ āĻŦুāϞিāϝ়েāχ āĻ•'āĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ি।


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Assamese medium class 10 Grammar,
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